Shide no Tsuho: Yamato Period Political Intrigue and Buddhism's Ascent in Japan

The 6th century CE marked a pivotal era in Japan’s history, witnessing the gradual centralization of power under the Yamato court and the burgeoning influence of Buddhism. Amidst this transformation emerged a fascinating event – Shide no Tsuho (志手津宮). While not as widely celebrated as other milestones like the introduction of Buddhism itself, Shide no Tsuho sheds light on the intricate web of political maneuvering and religious fervor that characterized early Japan.

Shide no Tsuho, translated as “The Incident at the Palace of Shide,” took place in 572 CE during the reign of Emperor Bidatsu (敏達天皇). The incident revolved around a high-ranking noblewoman named Katsuragi no Tanehime (葛城の種媛), renowned for her beauty and lineage. Legend has it that Tanehime, deeply devoted to Buddhism, was accused of witchcraft by rival courtiers who sought to undermine her influence.

The accusations were fueled by paranoia and power struggles within the Yamato court. Buddhist practices, still relatively new to Japan, were viewed with suspicion by some traditionalists who feared their subversive nature. These traditionalists saw Tanehime’s unwavering faith as a threat to the established order.

The Emperor, caught between his desire to appease the Buddhists and maintain harmony within the court, ultimately decided in favor of exile. Tanehime was banished to Shide no Miya (志手津宮), a remote palace located on the southern coast of Japan.

While historical records offer limited details about the actual events surrounding Shide no Tsuho, its significance lies not just in the fate of Tanehime but also in the broader implications it had for Japanese society:

Political Intrigue and Power Struggles:

• Rise of Buddhism: The incident highlights the growing influence of Buddhism within the Yamato court and the subsequent clashes between traditional beliefs and new religious ideas.
• Courtly Rivalries: Shide no Tsuho reveals the intense power struggles that existed within the court, where ambition and political maneuvering often trumped reason and justice.

Social Impact:

• Religious Tolerance: While Tanehime’s exile showcased the initial resistance towards Buddhism, it also underscores the gradual acceptance of the religion as it gained a foothold in Japan.
• Women’s Influence: Despite being exiled, Tanehime remained a figure of respect and intrigue. Her story exemplifies the influence women could wield within the Yamato court, even amidst conservative societal norms.

Shide no Tsuho and the Spread of Buddhism:

The incident at Shide no Miya had unintended consequences that ultimately contributed to the spread of Buddhism in Japan:

• Martyrdom Narrative: Tanehime’s exile was later romanticized as a story of religious persecution, further strengthening the appeal of Buddhism among the Japanese populace.
• Patronage of Buddhism: Despite the initial resistance, subsequent emperors embraced Buddhism and actively supported its expansion throughout the country.

Examining the Evidence:

Historical accounts of Shide no Tsuho are fragmented and often tinged with legendary embellishments. The primary source is the “Nihon Shoki” (日本書紀), a chronicle compiled in 720 CE. Scholars debate the accuracy of certain details, particularly concerning Tanehime’s supposed witchcraft.

While it is unclear whether accusations against her were entirely fabricated or fueled by genuine concerns, Shide no Tsuho undoubtedly reflects the anxieties and tensions surrounding the introduction of Buddhism into Japan.

In conclusion, Shide no Tsuho, though shrouded in mystery and legend, offers a valuable glimpse into the complexities of early Japanese history. It underscores the challenges faced by those embracing new beliefs, the intricacies of courtly politics, and the pivotal role religion played in shaping Japan’s destiny. While Tanehime’s fate remains a subject of debate, her story continues to resonate as a testament to the enduring power of faith and the complexities of cultural change.